Sustainable Crawfish Farming in Louisiana: Strategies to Promote Crawfish Production

This study is used to describe sustainable crawfish farming in the state of Louisiana, and to also suggest some key strategies to help the state of Louisiana to promote crawfish production. It is an undeniable fact that the Louisiana Crawfish production over the years has been produced from wild habitats, mainly from the Atchafalaya River basin, which seems to be a factor of seasonality. Following the statistics of the total Crawfish production by Louisiana Crawfish Promotion and Research Board, it was underscored that more than 100 million pounds of crawfishes were produced. Out of the 100 million capacity of crawfishes produced annually, approximately 82 million pounds of crawfishes were obtained from regular crawfish farms and more than 18 million pounds of crawfishes were harvested from natural habitats by the activities of approximately 1,600 fishermen. Surprisingly, the crawfish industry employs about 7,000 people directly or indirectly and injects $300 million into the state's economy each year. Therefore, the sustainability of this industry will continue to generate sustainable employment, and reliable revenue to support the state’s project. The study adopted a cross-sectional data collection procedure to sample 250 crawfish farmers in the State of Louisiana with the help of Cluster random sampling technique. The study was modeled after Ranganathan et al. (2017) and Robinson (2018) analysis and interpretation of Logistic regression model to estimate the strategic determinants of sustainable crawfish production in Louisiana. The study revealed that the engagement/involvement of crawfish farmers' in the productive and efficient system of production in the State of Louisiana (such as productive cage system) will remain an important driver of sustainable crawfish growth. The study further revealed the following fishing production strategies as sustainable for the crawfish growth based on the farmers perception and understanding: crawfish health management, genetically improved crawfish strains, more affordable quality feeds, human capacity development and extension services, as well as policy and public investment support for crawfish production. The study recommended that the Louisiana State government and the other key stakeholders should continuously invest in technology and transfers that will aid in sustainable crawfish production, and to also focus beyond the farm by strengthening the implementation of policy and public investment support for crawfish farming. These strategies will go a long way to generate more sustainable employment, and revenue to ensure growth in Louisiana. Keywords: Sustainability, Strategies, Production, Natural and Wild-Habitats, Employment, Logistic Regression, Revenue, Crawfish, Seafood, Aquaculture, and Fishing DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/13-2-02 Publication date:March 31st 202

Understanding the Importance and Challenges of Animatronic Humanoid Prototypes Production in the Robotic Field in the United of States of America: Policy Implications

This study analyzes the importance and challenges of animatronic humanoid prototypes production within the robotic field in the United States of America to influence Artificial Intelligence (AI) policy. In fact, animatronic humanoid prototype has greatly inspired more designers and developers’ interest in the study of human and robot interaction in both scientists and enthusiast alike to aid in robotic production. The study adopted a narrative literature review and Boolean search technique to identify 22 researches and review articles that are related to applications, challenges and importance of animatronic humanoid robotics production and applications. As part of the findings for the study utilized for the article, many scholars made specific inferences to the robotic applications in firms, businesses, and nations. Out of the twenty-two articles, five of the researchers, thus 22%, underscored and also perceived that robots and machines with biped locomotion is one of the achievements of humanoid robotic production. Researchers of 4 articles—thus 18% -- explicitly stated in their research that one of the achievements of humanoid robotic production is “learning capabilities in robots”. The study further revealed that some of the evidenced-based research applications for humanoid robotic products include the following: Mitsuo Kawato of ATR Japan proposed using humanoid robots to study human behavior; In Europe- EU-funded projects, which include the large-scale NEUROBOTICS project; RobotCub project; Human Brain Project; Atlas humanoid robot by Boston Dynamics; and Wisdom of the robot Sophia in engaging in conversations, etc. Above all, this study revealed that complex environment, perception, human robot interaction, and collaboration in real life are some of the challenges identified in the literature. Therefore, in order to overcome such challenges—for the body of a robot, designers need to rethink the materials that robots are made of and leverage morphological computation to intrinsically balance and compensate for motion and dynamic behavior. Also, investors, policymakers, and public officials should invest more in innovative robotic production in order to promote businesses, bring about efficiency in operations, and to increase productivity. Keywords:Humanoid, Locomotion, Robots, Prototypes, Production, Animatronic, Boolean-Search, Jobs, Artificial Intelligence DOI: 10.7176/ISDE/13-1-02 Publication date:March 31st 202

AN ANALYSIS OF HOMELESSNESS IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: POLICY IMPLICATIONS

This study analyzed the perceived causes of homelessness in United States of America, characteristics of homelessness in United States of America by family types, percentage of people experiencing homelessness by community setting to assist policymakers to develop programs and policy frameworks to address homeless issues across the country (USA). Homelessness affects the entire country. Homelessness is not someone else’s issue but national in scope. The issue of homelessness has a ripple effect throughout the community. It impacts the availability of healthcare resources, crime and safety, the workforce, and the use of tax dollars. Further, homelessness impacts the present as well as the future growth of the nation. Above all, the knowledge of homelessness benefits all of us to break the cycle of homelessness, one person, one family at a time. Therefore, in order to assist policymakers to effectively tackle the issue of homelessness, the study adopted a descriptive research design to analyze the policy issue of homelessness in United States of America. The data source for the study analysis came from the 2021 Census data, the 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report by U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, and the National Alliance to END HOMELESSNESS. The study revealed that most of the homeless peoples were individuals without families and children (i.e. 70 percent), and the rest were people living in families with children. Also, the study further revealed in the homelessness dataset that males are far more likely to experience homelessness than their female counterparts. That is, out of every 10,000 males, 22 are homeless (representing a total male homeless population of 352,211), while for women and girls, that number is 13 homeless (representing a total female homeless population of 223,578). In addition, the homelessness historical data revealed that marginalized groups are more likely to be disadvantaged within housing and homelessness spheres. It also revealed that higher unemployment rates, lower incomes, less access to healthcare, and higher incarceration rates are some of the likely factors that contribute to higher rates of homelessness among people of color, and marginalized groups. Also, historically marginalized racial groups are far more likely to experience homelessness as a result of segregation and discrimination in employment and housing, among other things. The study strongly recommends that the federal government should create more programs and employment opportunities that will give equal opportunities to all. The study further recommends that by taking into consideration programs that will create more affordable houses, and to also take care of both natural shocks (i.e. hurricanes, fire outbreaks, etc.), and human shocks (i.e. domestic abuse) will go a long way to help the country minimize the homelessness rate. Keywords: Homelessness, Marginalized, Housing, Sheltered, Policymakers, Discrimination, Unsheltered, Poverty, Unemployment, Programs DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/98-05 Publication date: March 31st 202

A Pragmatic Production of Cost-Efficient Controllable Humanoid Robot Head with Realistic Reproduction of Human Facial Expressions

This study explores all viable methods and techniques for the production of a responsive humanoid robot which would be both practically feasible and economically efficient. In the past few decades, scientists have been highly interested in the development of life-like humanoid robots. Some of these robots were used mostly in transporting heavy objects of accessing regions that were unreachable by humans. Between 1980’s and the 1990’s, engineers and scientists shifted their interest to the development of humanoid robots. These types of robots were able to stand, walk, and even pick up objects with mechanical hands. The introduction of humanoid robots greatly increased the interests of ordinary people in humanoid robots in particular. However, with the interest in these robots came the issue of communication. Majority of these robot have little or no recognizable facial features and would have to communicate with an external user by the use of audible sounds or visual symbols. This issue brought up the idea of creating robots that have recognizable facial features and are capable of carrying a conversation with humans. This project will develop a responsive and controllable humanoid robot head which would be capable of recreating basic movements of the human neck (such as rotate and pitch) as well as some basic and widely recognizable human facial expressions. This project focuses on developing a cost efficient, and practical process of creating animatronic robotic protype which will serve as a springboard for researcher, students, academia, and robot developers. The study further conducts a biomechanical analysis of the human head with specific emphasis on facial features including skeletal and muscular tissue structure to assist readers to learn and replicate the process. Above all, the project will enable researchers, scholars, students, and robot making companies to produce an animatronic humanoid robot head which can recreate basic human facial expressions that are easily recognizable to the average human such as happiness, anger, fear, sadness etc. to assist smooth communication, and business transaction. Also, the robot would be capable of recreating basic human neck and head movements like tilting of the head upwards and downwards and rotating of the head from side to side to follow human instructions. Keywords: Robots, Humans, Interactions, Humanoids, Robotic, Production, Automated, Facial-Expression, Skin, Animatronic, Skeletal, Artificial- Intelligence (AI) DOI: 10.7176/CEIS/14-2-02 Publication date:March 31st 202